Like most national parks in India, jeep safaris are commonplace in Bandhavgarh as well. We had planned for four of those during our three-day stay, counting on statistics to work in our favour when it came to tiger sightings. We were housing at the Tree House Hideaway by Pugdundee Resorts, in a treehouse, lodged 15 feet high amid a banyan tree. Surreal wasn’t enough to define it. When I enquired if there was something we should be wary of, the in-house naturalist, Mr. Khadir Khan told us, “Scorpions and snakes”. I wasn’t sure if he said it in jest and I didn’t want to find out. Our first evening in Bandhavgarh was a treat no amount of money could have possibly bought.
The Park offers safaris scheduled in the early mornings and late afternoons; as we were likely to reach Bandhavgarh only post lunch, we chose to immerse ourselves in a ‘walk into the village, alongside a naturalist’. We dressed up accordingly, modestly covered, sneakers on, lathered with sunscreen, carrying mosquito repellent and water in our backpacks, expecting to walk close to an hour, waving at children peeking out of curtains, talking to the more curious and bold teenagers, and possibly indulging in a bit of art and culture of the area. We were in for a shock, albeit anything but rude. I still have goosebumps reminiscing about that evening from six months ago.
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We met up with our guide for the evening, a naturalist, former journalist, associated erstwhile with Last Wilderness Foundation, wildlife conservationist and now the honorary wildlife warden of Bandhavgarh, Mr. Pushpendranath Dwivedi. Among the many feathers in his cap, storyteller par excellence should be counted as well. He had us hooked in the first couple of minutes, diving straight into the latest human-animal conflict stories affecting the area, which surprisingly were about elephants and not tigers. In the past few years, elephant sightings in the Park area have considerably increased; while villagers have learnt to live with tiger attacks on cattle and humans, how to engage with tigers and when to press the panic button, the reactions to a pack of elephants running amok among fields and crashing through houses has already created rifts with the large mammals.
Once we’d alighted from the car, Dwivedi ji instructed our driver to not venture around. We followed Dwivedi ji’s lead and went off-road, through patches of undergrowth, on dry, hard land, awaiting the first drop of monsoons, no semblance visible of the villages we’d left behind. A narrow, weary path appeared out of nowhere, the kind that’s been trampled upon by so many and so often that nothing grows there any longer. Clumps of trees were beginning to show up on either side of our track. We walked on in silence, peppered only with the chirping of birds, soon coming upon a two-story pucca house, a self-carved wooden door adorning the entrance, the outside freshly painted blue and off-white, the inside spacious and clean, an open courtyard in the middle of the house, connecting all the rooms. There weren’t people around, but the house had signs of human occupation. It was the house of the headmaster of the school in this area, we were told, as we went up the stairs, still haven’t seen anyone to seek permission of. At one end of the terrace, a teenage boy sat on his haunches, and he too did not once question our presence. He waved at us shyly and went back to looking beyond into the forest. Privacy seemed like such an urban concept, or maybe they were used to Dwivedi ji’s presence. “The barricade you see there,” Dwivedi ji said, pointing to a dozen feet high metal mesh, in the direction in which the boy had also been staring, “That’s what separates the core from the buffer – we are in the buffer zone right now.”
To the uninitiated, national parks in India are divided into two zones, the core zone and the buffer zone. The core is sacrosanct for the wildlife, with limited human movement and no commercial activities – officials try to keep it as pristine as possible, shutting it entirely through the monsoons. The buffer zone, surrounding or adjacent to the core, on the other hand has villages, allows farmers to use the land for agriculture, cattle grazing, permits certain commercial activities, including eco-tourism, recreation and lodging. In this case, in a 1,536 sq.km. space that the Bandhavgarh National Park occupies, almost half of it is buffer and houses over a 100 villages. These are villages that have been around in the area since before it was declared a National Park and the descendants continue to occupy and thrive on their ancestral land.
As if on cue, in the core area, half a dozen or so jeeps drove by, on their way back from the second safari of the day. Jeep after jeep of serious, and some curious, faces. The boy, excited waved at them, some waved back, most didn’t. “They’ve not sighted a tiger today – it’s etched on their faces,” Dwivedi ji remarked, almost a slight chuckle in his voice. “Those are not the faces of someone who’s just seen a tiger – you’ll know tomorrow.” His eyes sparkled.
“Come on, let’s go,” he said. Where to, I wondered. I couldn’t see another house in the vicinity, just more fields, trees and a blanket of human silence. But we obviously followed him, LB jumping with excitement and me, wondering if we were taking it too far. Because now we were walking within arm’s distance of the core zone of the Park, on foot, holding our bags in clear sight (lest anyone think we’re poachers, advised Dwivedi ji), a measly mesh keeping tigers at bay. Needless to say, my heart was in my mouth. A dozen feet later, Dwivedi ji was indulging LB with a horrific video of a tiger throwing across a similar mesh a baby buffalo, with its bare teeth; I kept my distance as I clearly wanted no part of it and the men anyway denounced my heart too weak for it. We came across a bunch of chattering monkeys sitting atop the mesh, clinging on to the branches of trees, some foraging the forest floor. According to Dwivedi ji, there were no tigers around; if there were, the monkeys would be higher up and silent or barking warning signals. He told me I could rest assured. Me? Why did just I need reassurance? What were the men planning to do? Prostrate before the tiger?
The assurance did calm me down or maybe sighting a few villagers ahead distracted me. We chanced upon them as they were returning with their third collection of mahua* for the day. While the younger ones hurried along, tipping their proverbial hat at Dwivedi ji, one of the elders stayed on to talk to us. He believed he was over 70, couldn’t recall falling ill, was diagnosed with slightly higher than normal blood pressure at the last medical camp in the village, and easily carried upto 10 kg mahua collection loads; at our polite smiles, he happily handed over his two bundles to either of us and laughed at our shocked faces when we realized he wasn’t bluffing. What was Covid like, I wondered aloud. “Nothing changed for us,” he said. “The forests kept us thriving – no one fell ill, no one died.” But they still vaccinated.
Dwivedi ji seemed distracted through this broken Hindi-Bundelkhandi conversation. He kept looking ahead in the direction the rivulet was, our next stop on the trail. A thick clump of trees lined the rivulet, so you could neither hear or see the water but you knew it was there because he said so. He asked the elder, “Have you sighted a tiger here today?” My ears pricked at the response “Kajariya was here with her cubs. She killed at 11 today.” Before I could ask anything, Dwivedi ji got the party moving, calmly, away from the rivulet, towards where the villagers had gone. LB’s curiosity spiked at the mention of a kill. I made it amply clear we were staying away from it.
There were rules people had to live by here – any cattle dragged into the core zone from the buffer zone or killed and consumed in the buffer zone would get their owners’ compensation but if the cattle mistakenly step into the core and lose their lives, no compensation is awarded. Villagers were hence quick to report cattle kills and bring in more awareness about tiger movements.
Kajri, named such and fondly called Kajariya by the villagers, had given birth to a litter of four recently and was killing to feed five mouths. New mothers are always exciting news but with tons of caution. “Did you not fear coming out of the house today if you knew Kajariya was around?” we enquired. “Generally, tigers attack humans when we’re on our fours – they can’t make out then if we’re an animal or not. If you’re standing, and seem human, you’re less likely to be killed by the tigers here. Also, living among the tigers is what we know – every time a tiger calls if you halt your life, you’ll never move on. We’ve all faced losses at the jaws of tigers but we know they don’t mean to harm us on purpose.”
Dwivedi ji added, “People are thriving here more than earlier now; the ease of access to a growing cattle population has also made tigers lazier – they’ve been known to cross over often now but not for a person thankfully!” A quick search on the internet indicates that the Park has not reported a human killing since 2014, but tiger killings at human hands still continue.
“I think there isn’t one but two tigers – I can feel them looking at us,” Dwivedi ji said, turning around and gazing into the foliage. “Like right now, in our vicinity?” we asked. “Yes, I am sure of it.” The two men of the land exchanged glances. Sundown was near and the elder didn’t want to alarm his septuagenarian wife, so he decided to go home. We bid goodbye, and he blessed us with a happy life ahead. He trudged along with his bundles of mahua, pacing himself like he didn’t have a care in the world.
Dwivedi ji informed us he’d heard two faint growls earlier when we were all talking. And the jungle behind felt too quiet to him then – something was cooking for sure.
“What makes you think we’re not in danger right now?”
“Shh,” he indicated to us, cupping his ear and pointing in the direction we’d come from. Three more faint growls followed, spaced across time and distance, as the tigress and her cubs passed us by. With each growl, the jungle fell eerily silent (the birds, the monkeys, possibly even the leaves!) in parts, indicative of their movement. We couldn’t see a thing, we could just hear the forest announcing her move. They were but a few feet away from us but hidden in the undergrowth beyond the trees.
She knew we were there, she made sure we understood she was there and that we keep our distance. We complied, happily. The adrenalin rush was at an all-time high as we stood transfixed for the next 10-15 minutes, soaking in what had just transpired.
*Mahua, a light green flower, hanging like baubles through leaf clumps, turns orange once dried. In these parts of the world, it is the fruit of sustenance that the forests bear. Easily thriving of its own accord, sporadically spread across the Central India landscape, the mahua tree has several medicinal uses, leaves help with tussar silk production, are foraged by cattle, seeds are used for oil extraction, flowers used as natural sweeteners as well as to brew the local alcohol – since the commercial benefit of collecting the mahua flowers is quite high, it keeps the old and young involved alike. Collected flowers are put out to dry outside most houses, after which they are threshed and sold.
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